激光雷达具有探测距离远，分辨率高，对气溶胶浓度变化敏感等优势，偏振激光雷达还能够对粒子形态做区分，根据消光系数及退偏比值识别云、雾、烟尘等。利用偏振激光雷达进行扫描观测，可以实现火灾烟尘的快速识别。通过对不同波长的激光雷达探测距离进行仿真，结果表明，波长为1064 nm的激光雷达探测距离为532 nm波长的1.3~1.4倍。通过优化扫描策略及算法，可剔除固定障碍物及临时移动障碍物的影响。为避开安装点位周边高度相近的障碍物，通常会给激光雷达设置一定仰角，对存在探测仰角时产生的水平距离偏差及垂直高度测量偏差进行计算，当激光雷达探测仰角为2°时，6 km处测量高度偏差为209.397 m。使用高斯烟羽模型对烟尘浓度分布进行仿真，当大气稳定度为B，平均风速为1 m/s时，200 m高度处烟尘浓度分布高值点距地面火点的径向距离≥1 km，为火点准确定位提供了修正依据。分别在辽宁省盘锦市盘山县绕阳湖景区，广东省东莞市观音山森林公园进行外场实验，偏振激光雷达在开阔地带及多障碍物山体地带下，均能够快速识别烟尘。

This paper presents a low-power high-quality CMOS image sensor (CIS) using 1.5 V 4T pinned photodiode (4T-PPD) and dual correlated double sampling (dual-CDS) column-parallel single-slope ADC. A five-finger shaped pixel layer is proposed to solve image lag caused by low-voltage 4T-PPD. Dual-CDS is used to reduce random noise and the nonuniformity between columns. Dual-mode counting method is proposed to improve circuit robustness. A prototype sensor was fabricated using a 0.11 µm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the lag of the five-finger shaped pixel is reduced by 80% compared with the conventional rectangular pixel, the chip power consumption is only 36 mW, the dynamic range is 67.3 dB, the random noise is only 1.55 e^–_rms, and the figure-of-merit is only 1.98 e^–·nJ, thus realizing low-power and high-quality imaging.This paper presents a low-power high-quality CMOS image sensor (CIS) using 1.5 V 4T pinned photodiode (4T-PPD) and dual correlated double sampling (dual-CDS) column-parallel single-slope ADC. A five-finger shaped pixel layer is proposed to solve image lag caused by low-voltage 4T-PPD. Dual-CDS is used to reduce random noise and the nonuniformity between columns. Dual-mode counting method is proposed to improve circuit robustness. A prototype sensor was fabricated using a 0.11 µm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the lag of the five-finger shaped pixel is reduced by 80% compared with the conventional rectangular pixel, the chip power consumption is only 36 mW, the dynamic range is 67.3 dB, the random noise is only 1.55 e^–_rms, and the figure-of-merit is only 1.98 e^–·nJ, thus realizing low-power and high-quality imaging.

针对应用于物联网及人工智能等领域的CMOS图像传感器功耗受限于传统高压四管钳位光电二极管（Four Transistors Pinned Photodiode，4T-PPD）有源像素的问题，设计了低压4T-PPD有源像素。首先，基于热扩散、自诱导漂移及边缘场漂移理论，分析了PPD内部电荷转移机制的理论。其次，基于理论分析提出了用五指形像素层取代传统方形像素层，以解决低压PPD内部电荷不完全转移引起的图像拖尾。CMOS图像传感器采用0.11 µm 1P3M标准CMOS工艺流片，测试结果表明：设计的五指形4T-PPD有源像素在低压1.5 V下，与传统方形像素相比残余电荷下降了80%，满阱容量为4 928e^-，动态范围可达67.3 dB，随机噪声仅为1.55e^-_rms，性能指标可与传统高压4T-PPD有源像素相比拟。

太阳光背景辐射严重影响拉曼激光雷达白天探测的性能。为提高拉曼激光雷达白天探测的高度和精度，设计了激光波长为354.8 nm的拉曼激光雷达系统，讨论了354.8 nm和532 nm激光光源对拉曼激光雷达探测性能的影响，完成了系统的光路设计。偏振分光棱镜和1/4波片组成的光开关与收发合置的望远镜相结合，减小了系统的接收视场角，优化了白天探测的性能。以最小的温度不确定度为标准，通过仿真分析选取了转动拉曼通道干涉滤光片的各项参数，并对系统的探测性能进行了仿真。仿真过程中激光能量取200 mJ，频率50 Hz，积分时间20 min，距离分辨率105 m。收发合置的拉曼激光雷达系统在考虑退偏的情况下，白天探测的温度不确定度在3180 m以下小于1 K。白天探测水汽混合比的统计误差在2400 m以下，小于0.001 g/kg。仿真结果表明，白天探测的性能得到了一定程度的提高。

A stable and broadband microwave photonic phase shifter based on the combined use of a linear chirped fiber Bragg grating and optical single-sideband (OSSB) modulation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The quality of the radio frequency (RF) signal is improved by the spectral separation delay processing. The theoretical fundamentals of the scheme are explained and the phase shift can be controlled linearly by the wavelength of the light source. In the experiment, a full 360° phase shift with a 10 GHz bandwidth can be achieved and tuned dynamically, continuously, and stably.